1) Grains are the small particles that make up solids. When they don't fit together well they create fissures and imperfections in the solid that make the solid weaker. The smaller the grains are however the fewer fissures there are and the stronger the solid becomes.
2) In order to reduce imperfections there are a few methods that create smaller particles one is the Czochralski Growth method. It is when a rod is dipped in a high grade silicon and then twisted and pulled out and cooled. The silicon fills the imperfections in the metal and makes it stronger.
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